胡滌生**
摘要
花蓮縣拔仔庄近140年的多元族群混居之特徵，凸顯臺灣自清領、日治到國民政府時期的高度移民社會，而這樣的多元族群結構目前仍在持續強化當中，即符映後殖民理論所探討的離散與揉雜之觀點。臺灣儼然已蔚為一個族群大熔爐與自我認同意識的多元文化國家，並非屬於其他任何一個國家。文中試以族裔社群的多元文化、偏見與壓迫等，檢視拔仔庄的社區營造；當社區強調客家文化復振之際，探討是否會排擠到其他族群的文化空間與互動網絡，是否兼顧非主流族群文化差異而不致產生被同化的疑慮，進而建構情感連結的族群關係。
拔仔庄分屬客家聚落的富源社區、阿美族部落的富民社區，及閩南社群的富興社區。在三個社區營造之中，以富源社區藝文活動的創意性、包容性、積極性、揉雜性，還有組織力、宣傳力、居民參與度與配合度等最高，成為花東縱谷線上的知名景點，亦為花蓮縣的模範社區。從多元文化的族群認同觀點來看，拔仔庄欲邁向少數族群對於社區發展與社區文化認同，尚有成長的空間，如何建構想像社群概念而藉以凝聚社區意識，即為當前社區營造的發展重點。
關鍵詞：拔仔庄；離散與揉雜;
族裔社群；多元文化；偏見與壓迫；想像社群；社區營造；認同。
A Study of Pailasen’s Community Empowerment at Hualien with the
Perspective of Ethnic Community
Hu, Dison*
Abstract
This article appropriated Pailasen’s community development case at Hualien for
a character of habitably mixed plural ethnic groups about 140 years. It has especially
emerged out of the considerable immigrant societies in Taiwan from the
particular period of Mandarin Dynasty and Japanese Governor to ROC authority.
So far, such as social construction of plural ethnic groups it is continuously
reinforced, that fact it fits in with a perspective on diaspora and hybridity within
postcolonialism by the anthropology. Taiwan has neatly been arranged a great
furnace of ethnic group and a consciousness of self-identities to develop a
multicultural nation gradually, she is NOT a part of any other countries
absolutely. This article tried using of multiculture; prejudice and oppression
etc., with ethnic community, there were to be verified that community
empowerment is about to realize completely at Pailasen. Discussing as Hakka’s cultural reviving was
emphasized; meanwhile, other ethnic cultures were given being whether they were
edged out and broken down the interactive network. And concerning cultural
difference of non-mainstreams were existed whether it occurred to an anxiety of
assimilation. Furthermore, an ethnic ties of sentimental attachment was
constructed.
At Pailasen, there is three communities
including Fu-Yuam Village of major Hakka;
Fu-Min Village of major Pangzah and Fu-Xing Village of major Min-Nan. Of the
three community empowerments, Fu-Yuam Village is the most excellent including
the originality; forgiveness; positiveness; hybridity; organizing capability;
propagating capability; inhabitant participating and coordinating of aesthetic
performances. Indeed, in terms of multicultural ethnic group’s identity, it is
desirous to achieve the period of synergy and awareness of identity as
community development and culture in order to minority, it does need to grow up
more effort yet. This is how to construct a concept of imagined community, and residents’
consciousness as coherence, it is currently critical focus of community
empowerment.
Keywords: Pailasen;
diaspora and hybridity; ethnic community; multiculture; prejudice and
oppression; imagined community; community empowerment; identity.
** 國立東華大學族群關係與文化學系碩士生。
* MD Student of the
Department of Ethnic Relations and Cultures of the National Dong Hwa University. (Supervisor: Prof. Fan)
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